SSC 10th Sanskrit 2026 Last - SSC CGL General Awareness

SSC 10th Sanskrit: High-Yield Revision and Grammar Mastery

Key Sanskrit Vocabulary for Objects and Daily Life

A strong command of Sanskrit vocabulary for common objects and actions is essential for scoring in picture-based and direct translation questions. Focus on memorizing the Sanskrit terms for items, their meanings, and associated actions.

• Letter: पीहित पत्रम् (kept letter)
• Stapler: योजिनी
• Clip: सन्दशः
• File: सञ्चिका
• Stamp: मृदु मुद्राः
• Ticket: मूल्याङ्क
• Punch/Hole: रन्ध्रिका
• CD/DVD: सान्द्र मुद्रिका
• Tape: संश्लेष पट्टिका
• Battery/Cell: विद्युत्कोष
• Pen Drive: स्मृति शलाका
• Thread: तन्त्री
• Screen/Board: दृश्य फलकम्…

SSC 10th Sanskrit: High-Yield Revision and Grammar Mastery

Key Sanskrit Vocabulary for Objects and Daily Life

A strong command of Sanskrit vocabulary for common objects and actions is essential for scoring in picture-based and direct translation questions. Focus on memorizing the Sanskrit terms for items, their meanings, and associated actions.

• Letter: पीहित पत्रम् (kept letter)
• Stapler: योजिनी
• Clip: सन्दशः
• File: सञ्चिका
• Stamp: मृदु मुद्राः
• Ticket: मूल्याङ्क
• Punch/Hole: रन्ध्रिका
• CD/DVD: सान्द्र मुद्रिका
• Tape: संश्लेष पट्टिका
• Battery/Cell: विद्युत्कोष
• Pen Drive: स्मृति शलाका
• Thread: तन्त्री
• Screen/Board: दृश्य फलकम्
• Keyboard: अक्षर फलकम्
• Tiffin: पाथेय पात्रम्
• Safety Pin: वस्त्रसूची
• Pant: ऊरूकम्
• Socks: पादुषम्
• Dhoti: राकवम्
• Shawl: राङ्कवम्
• Sweater: स्वेदक
• Saree: शाटिका
• Roti: रोटिका
• Vegetable: शाकम्
• Soup: सूप
• Pickle: अवलेह
• Papad: परपटम्
• Rice: ओदनम्
• Kheer: पायसम्
• Jalebi: कुण्डलिका
• Tamarind: आम्लिका
• Bitter Gourd: कारवेलहम्
• Amla: आमकम्

Essential Actions and Their Sanskrit Verbs

Understanding verbs for daily actions is crucial for translation and comprehension. Focus on the verb forms and their meanings.

• To stop: स्थगति
• To close: पिताति, पिघ्घाटति
• To open: उद्घाटयति
• To close eyes: निमीलयति
• To open eyes: उन्मीलन
• To light (a lamp): चुलति
• To blow out: निर्वाप्यति
• To give: ददाति, यच्छति
• To take/receive: ग्रहणाति
• To cook: भर्जयति
• To eat: खादति

Number System and Counting in Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers are often written in reverse order compared to Hindi/English. Master the pattern for writing compound numbers and memorize the basic counting.

• For numbers like 49, write "नव चत्वारिंशत्" (nine and forty).
• For 76, write "षट् सप्ततिः" (six and seventy).
• Always write the unit digit first, then the tens.
• Memorize counting up to 100 and the terms for 10, 20, 30, etc.

Expressing Time in Sanskrit

Time is expressed using specific terms for hours and fractions of an hour. Learn the terms for full, quarter, half, and three-quarters of an hour.

• Full hour: द्वादश वादनम् (12:00)
• Quarter past: सपाद द्वादश वादनम् (12:15)
• Half past: सार्ध द्वादश वादनम् (12:30)
• Quarter to next hour: पादोन एक वादनम् (12:45, i.e., 1:00 minus a quarter)

Grammar: Vibhakti (Cases) and Their Usage

Sanskrit uses seven cases (विभक्ति) for nouns. Recognize the endings and their functions for sentence construction and error correction.

• Prathama (Nominative): Subject (रामः)

• Dvitiya (Accusative): Object (रामम्)

• Tritiya (Instrumental): By/with (रामेण)

• Chaturthi (Dative): For/to (रामाय)

• Panchami (Ablative): From (रामात्)

• Shashthi (Genitive): Of (रामस्य)

• Saptami (Locative): In/on (रामे)

• Key Endings: विसर्ग (ः), अम्, एन, आय, आत्, अस्य, ए

• Trick for Dual (द्विवचन): भ्याम् is common in Tritiya, Chaturthi, Panchami.

• Plural (बहुवचन): ए, भ्यः, नाम, षु endings.

Lakar (Tenses) and Their Identification

Sanskrit verbs change form based on tense (लकार) and person. Recognize the endings for each tense and person for verb conjugation and identification.

• Lat Lakar (Present Tense):

  • Endings: ती, तः, अन्ति (third person); सि, थः, थ (second person); आमि, आवः, आमः (first person)
  • Example: पठति (he reads), पठसि (you read), पठामि (I read)

• Lang Lakar (Past Tense):

  • Endings: अ (prefix), त्, तम्, त (third person); स्, तम्, त (second person); म्, व, म (first person)
  • Example: अपठत् (he read), अपठम् (I read)

• Lrit Lakar (Future Tense):

  • Add इष्य before endings: इष्यति, इष्यतः, इष्यन्ति, इष्यामि, इष्यामः

• Lot Lakar (Imperative/Mood):

  • Endings: तू, ताम्, अन्तु (third person); थ, तम्, त (second person); आनि, आव, आम (first person)

• Vidhiling Lakar (Potential/Subjunctive):

  • Endings: एत्, एताम्, एयुः (third person); एः, एतम्, एत (second person); एयम्, एव, एयम् (first person)

Samas (Compounds) and Their Types

Samas are compound words in Sanskrit. Recognize the type by the structure and meaning.

• Tatsamasa (तत्पुरुष समास): Shows case relation (e.g., बाणहतः = बाणेन हतः, "killed by arrow")

• Dvigusamasa (द्विगु समास): Number-based compounds (e.g., पञ्चपात्रम् = five vessels)

• Dvandva Samasa (द्वन्द्व समास): Expresses 'and' (e.g., रामलक्ष्मणौ = रामः च लक्ष्मणः च)

• Karmadharaya Samasa (कर्मधारय समास): Qualitative (e.g., महापुरुषः = महान् पुरुषः)

• Bahuvrihi Samasa (बहुव्रीहि समास): Refers to a third person (e.g., पीताम्बरः = पीतम् अम्बरम् यस्य सः)

• Avyayibhava Samasa (अव्ययीभाव समास): Adverbial, often with prefixes (e.g., प्रतिदिनम् = दिनं दिनं प्रति)

• N-Tatpurusha (न तत्पुरुष): Replace अ with न or vice versa (e.g., अनावश्यक = न आवश्यकम्)

Sandhi (Word Joining) Rules

Sandhi refers to the joining of words and the changes that occur at the junction. Focus on the three main types and their rules.

• Svara Sandhi (Vowel Sandhi): Both sides are vowels (e.g., विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय)
• Vyanjana Sandhi (Consonant Sandhi): One side is a consonant, often with halant (e.g., जगत् + ईश = जगदीश)
• Visarga Sandhi (ः Sandhi):
  • Rule 1: If अः is followed by अ, change to ओ and insert अवग्रह (e.g., सः + अपि = सोऽपि)
  • Rule 2: If अः is followed by third, fourth, or fifth consonant of a varga, change accordingly (e.g., यशः + दा = यशोदा)

Question Formation and Sentence Construction

Forming questions and sentences in Sanskrit follows specific patterns based on word endings and context.

• Person: Use कः (masc.), का (fem.), किम् (neut.)

• Place: कुत्र

• Reason: कस्मात्

• Means: केन

• Possession: कस्य

• Number: कति

• Group: केष्याम्

• For sentence construction, use the correct pronoun and verb form:

  • सह/सा/ते (he/she/they)
  • त्वम्/युवाम्/यूयम् (you/you two/you all)
  • अहम्/आवाम्/वयम् (I/we two/we all)

Translation and Medium Language Answers

For translation questions, answers can be given in Hindi, Marathi, or English as per instructions. Focus on accurate translation of meaning, not just word-for-word.

• Example: "कार्यक्रम कब शुरू होगा?" → "कार्यक्रम कदा प्रारभ्यते?"
• "सैनिक देश की रक्षा करता है" → "सैनिकः देशम् रक्षति"
• "काले मेघ पानी बरसाते हैं" → "कृष्णमेघाः प्रजन्यं वर्षन्ति"
• "तुम्हारे भाई का नाम बताओ" → "तव भ्रातुः नाम कथय"

Essay and Diagram Description

Prepare short essays on topics like "मम प्रिय भाषा", "मम प्रिय कवि", "मम प्रिय नेता", and "मम प्रिय उत्सव". For diagram description, write short, clear sentences describing the scene and actions.

• Example for diagram: "एतत् चित्रम् रेलस्थानकस्य अस्ति। पुस्तकभाण्डारे विक्रेताः पुस्तकम् विक्रीणाति। भारवाहकः रेलयानम् आरोहति।"

High-Frequency Exam Traps and Tips

• In number writing, always reverse the order (units first, then tens).
• For time, use the correct term for quarter, half, and three-quarters.
• In sandhi, check for visarga and vowel/consonant rules.
• For samas, identify the type by checking for case markers, numbers, or 'and' meaning.
• In sentence construction, match the verb ending with the subject's person and number.
• For avyaya (indeclinable words), remember they do not change form.
• For Namah (नमः), always use chaturthi vibhakti (e.g., शिवाय नमः).

Table: Key Pronouns and Verb Endings (Present Tense)